What are fullerenes?

Fullerenes are a modern dietary ingredient that supports health and well-being. Thanks to their powerful antioxidant and adaptogenic properties, they protect cells from oxidative stress and help combat the aging process.

Biological fullerenes

Biological fullerenes are a mixture of natural forms of activated carbon, containing, among others, spherical structures resembling fullerenes and numerous agglomerates composed of carbon molecules.

AURONN® also contains silica and over 30 natural trace elements essential for proper cellular metabolism. This structure translates into high electronic activity, which in turn increases the antioxidant potential of the biological fullerene preparation (AURONN®). Importantly, each fullerene-like structure exhibits antioxidant properties.

Our activated carbon-based formulation with these properties complies with FDA, EFSA, and GIS approval requirements because it does not contain synthetic C₆₀ fullerenes. Instead, it is based on the natural element carbon, which is listed in the periodic table. Fullerene is not a separate chemical compound or element, and therefore is not included on the lists of prohibited or restricted substances, unlike formulations containing synthetic C60 fullerenes in Europe.

Security

AURONN® biological fullerenes have been tested by the Polish Academy of Sciences. Thanks to their specific structure, they demonstrate the ability to bind and neutralize free oxygen radicals (ROS).

Laboratory tests have confirmed that AURONN® significantly increases the electrolytic activity of the solution, resulting in faster electron redistribution and more effective support of cellular detoxification pathways (e.g., by activating Nrf2). The unique presence of silica and trace elements in AURONN® further supports regenerative processes.

Preliminary studies also indicate the possibility of using the preparation in therapies supporting microcirculation and reducing inflammation, including skin inflammation.

Biological fullerenes – a new era of safe and effective antioxidants

Unlike synthetic fullerenes, whose use is limited due to a lack of a clear safety profile, biological fullerenes are gaining importance as raw materials that are not only effective but also compliant with European Union regulations. The additional trace element blend contained in AURONN® not only increases bioavailability but can also support ionic homeostasis in cells, including skin cells. The effects observed in in vitro studies and pilot applications suggest that this preparation may be an alternative to traditional antioxidants used in aesthetic cosmetology, such as vitamin C or coenzyme Q10.

How do fullerenes work?

Fullerenes are known as powerful neutralizers of damaging free radicals, i.e. antioxidants.

Active free radical neutralizers

They have the ability to seek out and bind to free radicals in the body by donating or sharing electrons. Once the harmful free radicals are repaired, they no longer impact their surroundings, and the body can begin the repair process.

Hundreds of times stronger than classic antioxidants

Due to its high affinity for carbon and the fact that it is a fundamental element of life, fullerene C60 is several hundred times more potent than typical free radical scavengers.

Free radicals and their impact on health

A free radical missing an electron is a damaged molecule that becomes dangerous to the body. The main causes of free radical formation include processed foods, harmful chemicals, pollution, some pharmaceuticals, metabolic processes, intense exercise, and UV radiation.

When cells lose protection

Free radicals can cause damage to various parts of cells, such as proteins, DNA, and cell membranes, by stealing their electrons in a process called oxidation. Accumulation of this damage often leads to cell death. Numerous studies indicate that damaged free radicals can contribute to hair loss, skin conditions, arthritis, fatigue, stress, DNA damage, cancer, other diseases, and aging.

Free radicals and the aging process

The use of fullerenes effectively neutralizes free radicals that accelerate the aging process. Thanks to their strong antioxidant properties, fullerenes protect cells from oxidative damage, support tissue regeneration, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and improve skin elasticity. This delays the aging process and improves the overall health and appearance of the skin.

Fullerenes

Fullerenes, or carbon, are a modern and innovative solution in the field of dietary supplements, supporting health and well-being. Thanks to their unique antioxidant and adaptogenic properties, fullerenes can help protect cells from oxidative damage, helping to combat the effects of aging and various diseases.

Coal

Carbon is one of the most fundamental chemical elements, the basis of life on Earth. Known for its unique ability to form diverse structures, carbon can occur in many forms, such as diamond, graphite, graphene, and fullerenes. The common denominator among all these forms is carbon—an element whose structural flexibility plays a key role in the structure of the universe and the functioning of living organisms. Carbon is not only the basis of life but also an essential component of many future technologies.

Nobel Prize winner

Fullerene C60, commonly known as C60, is one of the most groundbreaking discoveries of the late 20th century, awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996. The carbon-60 molecule consists of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a unique soccer-ball-shaped structure consisting of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons. This distinctive shape gives carbon-60 its remarkable properties, including its resistance to radiation.

Carbon content in the human body

Carbon is one of the main elements in the human body, along with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. The exact carbon content in the human body is approximately 18.5% of body weight. Carbon is a key building block present in every cell and is involved in the formation of proteins, fats, DNA, and other important chemical compounds.

Proteins : Carbon is a component of all amino acids that make up proteins. Proteins are crucial for the structure and function of cells, tissues, and enzymes.

Fats : Carbon is a building block of lipids, which make up cell membranes and serve as an energy store.

DNA : DNA molecules contain carbon as an integral part of their structures, which enables the storage and transmission of genetic information.

Other compounds : Carbon is also present in carbohydrates, which provide energy to cells, and in many other biological compounds essential to life.

​Sources of free radicals

Smoking cigarettes

Tobacco smoke is rich in free radicals and the chemicals that generate them. Each inhalation of cigarette smoke introduces thousands of free radicals into the body, which damage cells and tissues. Cigarette smoking is strongly linked to oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of many chronic diseases.

Inappropriate diet

A diet high in saturated fats and low in antioxidants promotes the formation of free radicals. Excessive consumption of saturated fats can lead to lipid peroxidation, which generates free radicals. A lack of antioxidants in the diet prevents the neutralization of these free radicals, leading to oxidative stress.

UV radiation

Ultraviolet radiation causes the formation of free radicals in the skin, leading to cellular damage. UVB and UVA radiation induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids in skin cells. This leads to photoaging, mutations, and an increased risk of skin cancer.

Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation , such as X-rays and gamma rays, can induce the production of free radicals in tissues. These forms of radiation can cause the breakdown of water molecules in cells, leading to the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids.

Alcohol

Alcohol consumption can lead to the production of free radicals in the liver. Ethanol metabolism in the body generates acetaldehyde, which can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage, which is particularly harmful to the liver.

Stress

Chronic psychological stress can increase free radical production. Stress hormones such as cortisol can affect mitochondria in cells, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, which contribute to cellular damage.

Free radicals and aging

​Aging is a natural process that is partially caused by the action of free radicals. Free radicals are reactive molecules that damage cells, proteins, and DNA, leading to the degradation of tissues and organs. Free radicals are a major factor in oxidative damage, which contributes to skin aging, decreased energy, and the development of various age-related diseases.

Increased energy and mental clarity

Thanks to their unique structure, fullerenes can penetrate cell membranes and act at the cellular level. By neutralizing free radicals, fullerenes aid in cell regeneration, which leads to a reduction in visible signs of aging, such as wrinkles, discoloration, and loss of skin elasticity. Regular use of supplements containing natural fullerenes can contribute to improved skin appearance and overall well-being.

Fullerenes support mitochondrial function, which translates into increased energy production in cells. This results in improved energy levels, better physical performance, and greater mental clarity. As a result, people who use supplements with natural fullerenes may feel more vibrant and better able to cope with everyday challenges.

​CELL PROTECTION AGAINST STRESS – HOW DO FULLERENES WORK?

Diseases related to free radicals

Free radicals are atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron, making them highly reactive. They can damage cells by reacting with DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is associated with many chronic diseases and the aging process. Scientific studies have shown that fullerene molecules can cross the mitochondrial membrane and bind to free radicals, facilitating their excretion as cellular waste. Furthermore, it has been suggested that fullerenes may act as adaptogens, substances that induce homeostasis, making cells less susceptible to stress.

Cardiovascular diseases

Oxidative stress can damage blood vessel walls and lead to atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Damage to the vascular endothelium and increased oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) play a key role in the development of these conditions.

Neurodegenerative diseases

Free radicals damage neurons, contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is associated with the accumulation of beta-amyloid proteins in Alzheimer's disease, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, and the destruction of myelin sheaths in multiple sclerosis. Free radicals also cause DNA and protein damage, leading to nerve cell apoptosis.

​Cancer diseases

​DNA damage caused by free radicals can lead to mutations and the development of various types of cancer. Oxidative stress is linked to carcinogenesis by inducing genetic mutations, genomic instability, and promoting cancer cell growth. Free radicals can also influence angiogenesis and tumor metastasis.

Digestive system diseases

Free radicals can damage the lining of the digestive tract, leading to gastric and duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and pancreatitis. Oxidative stress causes inflammation and tissue damage in the digestive system.

Inflammatory diseases

Free radicals contribute to chronic inflammation by activating immune cells and producing proinflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress is key in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and psoriasis. Free radicals damage tissues and lead to persistent inflammation.

​Metabolic diseases

Free radicals damage the beta cells of the pancreas, which impairs insulin production and leads to type 1 and 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress is also linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Free radicals can lead to inflammation of adipose tissue, which disrupts metabolic and hormonal functions.

Eye diseases

Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Free radicals damage the eye's lens and retina, leading to visual impairment and blindness. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the eye accelerates degenerative processes.

Skin diseases

Oxidative stress contributes to premature skin aging, wrinkling, and loss of elasticity. Free radicals can also trigger and exacerbate inflammatory skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the skin contributes to the development of skin cancers such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma.

Lung diseases

Free radicals are associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and emphysema. Oxidative stress damages lung epithelial cells, leading to inflammation, tissue remodeling, and loss of respiratory function.

Kidney diseases

Oxidative stress plays a role in chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and kidney stones. Free radicals damage renal structures, leading to loss of renal filtration function and chronic inflammation.

Autoimmune diseases

Free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Sjögren's syndrome, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Oxidative stress leads to tissue damage and immune activation, resulting in autoimmunity.

Fullerene as a free radical neutralizer

Fullerene, also known as C60 carbon, exhibits powerful antioxidant properties. Thanks to its unique, spherical structure, fullerene can capture and neutralize free radicals. The structure of fullerenes allows them to accept and donate electrons, effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals.

Studies have shown that fullerene can neutralize free radicals more effectively than many traditional antioxidants. Its ability to act as a "sponge" for free radicals stems from its large active surface area and ability to bind multiple free radicals simultaneously.

​DNA damage

Free radicals can cause DNA damage by acting directly on DNA molecules or by inducing mutations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause DNA strand breaks, damage to nitrogenous bases, and the formation of cross-links. This damage can lead to mutations, which in turn can lead to the development of cancer and other genetic diseases. DNA damage caused by free radicals is one of the main mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Protein damage

Free radicals can cause serious damage to proteins in the body. They attack their structure, leading to oxidation, denaturation, or fragmentation. Such damage disrupts normal cell function, accelerates the aging process, and contributes to the development of numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative and inflammatory ones.

Lipid damage

Free radicals can lead to lipid peroxidation, which results in damage to cell membranes. Lipid peroxidation produces byproducts such as malonaldehyde, which can further damage cells. Damage to cell membranes can lead to disruptions in membrane permeability and integrity, which in turn can induce inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Lipid peroxidation is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory conditions.

​Removing free radicals from the body

​Safe and effective

Fullerenes, after binding free radicals, can be eliminated from the body through various detoxification mechanisms, such as sweat, urine, and other excretions. Fullerenes are chemically stable and biocompatible, making them potentially safe for medical and cosmetic applications.

​Cell protection and life extension

Fullerenes also have the ability to protect cells from oxidative stress, which helps reduce cellular damage and delay the aging process. Animal studies have shown that administration of fullerenes can increase lifespan by 90% and improve health by reducing oxidative stress.

Stronger than classic antioxidants

Due to their unique structure, fullerenes exhibit powerful antioxidant properties, neutralizing free radicals more effectively than many other antioxidants. Removing bound free radicals from the body through sweat, urine, and other excretions helps protect cells from oxidative stress and its effects.

​Cell renewal in the body

Every organ, skin, bone, etc., is made up of cells that regularly renew themselves, with the exception of some brain cells. The cell renewal process varies depending on the type of tissue.

​Leather

​When free radicals are neutralized, skin cells can renew themselves without additional oxidative damage, allowing for a healthy regeneration cycle every 28 to 40 days. This leads to improved skin appearance, reduced wrinkles and discoloration, and increased elasticity.

​Liver

​The liver, thanks to its regenerative capacity, can repair damage and rebuild its mass more quickly when it is not exposed to constant free radical damage. Neutralizing free radicals contributes to more effective liver regeneration.

Intestines

​Rapid renewal of intestinal epithelial cells every 4-5 days is crucial for gut health. Neutralizing free radicals helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and efficiently absorb nutrients, which is essential for overall health.

​Pancreas

​Pancreatic cell regeneration every seven months is essential for metabolic function and hormone production. Protection from oxidative damage allows for more effective cell regeneration, which supports blood sugar control and metabolism.

Kidneys

Fullerenes' neutralization of free radicals allows kidney cells to regenerate more efficiently, which is crucial for maintaining the kidneys' filtration function. Kidney cells regenerate relatively quickly, typically within a few days to a few weeks, supporting kidney health and their ability to cleanse the blood.

​Lungs

By neutralizing free radicals, airway epithelial cells can regenerate without additional oxidative damage, contributing to the integrity of the airway. Type II pneumocytes can also differentiate more efficiently into type I pneumocytes, supporting gas exchange and alveolar health. Airway epithelial cells regenerate within several days to several weeks, depending on the extent of damage.

Processes

Cellular renewal is the foundation of health and proper body function. Regular cell regeneration supports damage repair, delays the aging process, and maintains biological balance, or homeostasis, which is essential for vitality and well-being.

​Cell regeneration and free radicals

Free radicals, due to their reactivity, can damage cells, DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to impaired cellular function and accelerated aging. Neutralization of free radicals by fullerenes is crucial because it enables the body to naturally regenerate cells. When free radicals are effectively neutralized, cells are not exposed to oxidative damage, allowing them to carry out regenerative processes more effectively.

​Cell renewal thanks to the neutralization of free radicals

Thanks to fullerenes' ability to neutralize free radicals, the body gains better conditions for natural cell regeneration. Repair processes occur at an optimal pace, supporting biological balance, vitality, and overall body function at every stage of life.

​Time

Fullerenes' neutralization of free radicals allows the body to naturally regenerate cells at a pace appropriate for the specific organ. This allows cells to repair damage and maintain tissue health and function, which is crucial for delaying the aging process and preventing chronic diseases. Fullerenes, acting as powerful antioxidants, play a crucial role in supporting cellular health and body regeneration.

Tests

The US National Library of Medicine, a government institution, has published as many as 8,433 peer-reviewed scientific studies on fullerenes, confirming their unique properties and growing importance in science, medicine, and innovative health technologies.

This large number of publications demonstrates the enormous interest of scientific communities around the world. Fullerenes are currently being studied for their antioxidant, regenerative, and detoxifying effects, with potential for use in modern medicine, cosmetology, and supplementation. This future is already happening.

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